What factors made a person better at estimating the size of an angle or the length of a line Essays

What variables improved an individual at assessing the size of a point or the length of a line Essays What components improved an individual at evaluating the size of a point or the length of a line Essay What variables improved an individual at evaluating the size of a point or the length of a line Essay From this information we made a speculation on what components improved an individual at evaluating the size of an edge or the length of a line. My speculation was that year 10 understudies would be better at assessing both the size of points and the length of lines than the grown-ups and the year 7 youngsters yet grown-ups answers will be nearer to the mean by and large. To demonstrate this I would need to utilize the data in the spreadsheet .I previously found the mean of edge 1 ,angle2 ,line 1 and line 2 in the entirety of the example of year ten the entirety of the example of year seven and the entirety of the example of the grown-ups in light of the fact that utilizing this I could locate the normal rate mistake of each gathering since I felt this was fundamental in attempting to demonstrate the theory I made before .The methods for each were as shown in the table below:Year 10Year 7AdultsAngle157.7665.4251.25Angle 2142.72141.04147.05Line 13.874.553.6275Line 214.5214.6112.7325At the second when I delivered the information it didnt decipher the information into what I needed to know however I could discover utilizing the spreadsheet so first chose to discover the rate blunder of each gathering again utilizing the count appeared in the starter testing this was(difference among unique and normal assessments/real size/length)* 100But first we imagined that in the information there might be maverick outcomes these are called exceptions and are values that don't follow the information in a sensible pattern thus can be disposed of utilizing a specific equation that makes upper and lower wall and if values fall outside of these two wall they can be classed as anomalies and will be excused from the information . To actualize this recipe we have to locate the upper and lower quartiles of the information, so by utilizing Microsoft exceed expectations this information was found. The equation to discover upper and lower wall to dispense with exceptions is as follows:Lo wer Fence = Lower quartile 1.5 * entomb quartile rangeUpper Fence = Upper quartile + 1.5 * bury quartile rangeFrom this we picked up our upper and lower wall which wereYear 10Upper FenceLower fenceAngle 173.537.5Angle 2190110Line 15.51.625Line 222.37.7Then we did likewise for year 7Year 7Upper FenceLower fenceAngle 192.532.5Angle 220585Line 17.251.25Line 219.57.5And for the adultsAdultsUpper FenceLower fenceAngle 16533Angle 2188.75110.75Line 15.51.625Line 26.87517.675With this information we erased rebel esteems which measured uniquely to three.So now we can discover the rate mistake without agonizing over maverick qualities impacting what could be an indispensable difference.Year 10 (%)Year 7 (%)Adults (%)Angle 17.218.96.8Angle 27.99.035.12Line 14.6232Line 216.1716.881.9This gives us a thought of to which gathering is better at evaluating the spans of points and the lengths of lines yet to see this in another manner we can utilize box plots which are extremely helpful for looking a t sets of information from various gatherings inside a specific populace. The length of the bristles can give a sign of how the information is slanted, either decidedly or adversely. Likewise the genuine worth can be set apart on to contrast every one of the medians with one another. By taking a gander at the crate plots , all the more explicitly where the quartiles are stamped we can see whether individuals tended to over gauge or under gauge. In the event that the middle is slanted marginally towards the upper quartile, at that point individuals in that bunch under evaluated as a general rule and bad habit versa.So here are some crate plots that look at all the age bunches at the two edges and lines.From this we see that the grown-ups mean worth is nearer to the genuine estimation of both edge 1 and edge 2 or more both the estimations of lines 1 and 2 ,this gives significantly more proof to recommend against my speculation that years 10 students have a superior capacity at assessi ng the two edges and lines since we have seen this through a rate blunder and a few box plot outlines that we picked up from utilizing the midpoints from various gatherings however to demonstrate my second explanation in the expectation that grown-ups appraisals would be nearer to their mean answer, which adequately implies that grown-ups made comparable assessments to one another than the year 10 and 7 understudies , I have to utilize a factual gadget considered standard deviation this estimates the spread of qualities from the mean, the greater the worth the more the appropriate responses are spread from the mean.Angle 1Angle 2Line 1Line 2Year 1011200.952.5Year 715301.53Adults1019.512.4We see the grown-ups standard deviation figure being the littlest for three out of the four classifications which demonstrates one of my theory articulations right yet the other wrong this is on the grounds that It was to a greater extent a supposition than a prediction.Over all the taking every sin gle measurable strategy utilized I arrived at the resolution that grown-ups were in reality better at assessing the two edges yet it was intriguing to see that the grown-ups surmises had a little deviation from the mean (standard deviation) . The year 10 understudies according to my observations were second best ,their rate blunders were either exceptionally near the grown-ups in two out of four cases or drastically a field from the other point and line like the other two cases however their was a connection between the edge and the line that were a considerable amount out from the grown-up partners they were both the bigger edges and lines utilizing this data this could of gave another course of examination to follow yet then their was a factor forestalling this being time and furthermore taking a gander at the year 7 information they were actually the inverse to year ten students , where as they would in general be farther on the bigger estimations of edge 2 and line 2 ,year 7 wou ld in general be farther on the littler arrangements of edge 1 and line 1 so their could have been an association between this information and their ages or perhaps sexual orientation yet time didn't allow us to research these fields.If I could repeat the analysis I would make a progressively nitty gritty theory initiating me to dissect every single imaginable field that could of influenced a people capacity to evaluate the size of edges and lengths of lines a case of this is sex or insight yet the field that I explored which was age came out to me with an extremely clear outcome , this was on normal the more established you are the better you are at assessing the size of an edge and the length of a line ,yet we should consider that we utilized an irregular example of 25% from each gathering this implied we could of missed a few people groups gauges that could of influenced or influenced the outcomes to an alternate end this could be significant. This implies the finishing up explan ation may not really be right if further examined with more detail and with more age gatherings, for example, year 8 , 9 and 11 however is as yet right for the examination we did.

Milk and Dairy Products Essay

1-Carbohydrates: Starches are the best premise of vitality for the body. They produced using carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The principle gathering of sugar in nourishments are sugar, starches and cellulose. We can discover Carbohydrate in rice, potatoes, bread, pasta and oats. The Carbohydrate make individuals fat, and they are the most wellspring of vitality for body. 2-Fats: Fats are unpredictable of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. We need fat for hormone digestion, to have solid skin and hair, it additionally assists with fixing, the tissue .it assists with forming to your body. Some of the time it assists with securing the organs which are inside the body like kidneys. The principle two kinds of fats are immersed and unsaturated. You can discover soaked fat in creature items like, milk, cheddar, meat with fat, cream†¦.fat is the significant wellspring of calories and vitality for body additionally it could be so perilous for your wellbeing in the event that you use it too much.fat give more advantageous skin and encourages the body to utilize nutrients like A, D E and K in light of the fact that these are fat dissolvable. 3-Proteins: Proteins are developed aches chain of amino acids. We have two kinds of amino acids basic and unnecessary amino acids and them two are fundamental for body. We have two sorts of protein, creature protein and plant protein. You can locate the best wellspring of protein in fish, meat and dairy produce, grains, rice and eggs†¦ Some of your hormones, organs and muscles are made up with protein, and the most duty regarding protein is conveying the oxygen to platelets. Likewise protein is required for developing and fixing tissue and substitution. 4-Vitamins and Minerals: Nutrients and minerals are supplements which your body require to develop and create normally.Vitamins are significant for body they help chemical to work appropriately, we have two diverse kind of nutrients: water dissolvable (B nutrients and nutrient C) and fat solvent (A, D, E and K).body can’t make the nutrients so we have to get this from the food since it is essential for body. We need nutrient A to have solid eyes; this nutrient is essential for body development and fix. They are critical to have sound life, too little measure of nutrients mess wellbeing up additionally a lot of nutrients reason for some malady. Minerals: you can discover minerals in earth and ocean. they can be found in water, root plants and creatures. Some of them are required for body like iron, magnesium, zinc, aluminum, calcium,†¦ For instance we need iron to make homeoglobine, and calcium is required for sound teeth and skin and bones. Sums required for the vast majority of minerals are litt le and an excess of sums can be harmful to your body. 5-Water: The most significant supplement in your body is water, your body is for the most part made up from water, the greater part of your body weight is water, you can live for a long time without food however you can’t be alive without water in excess of a couple days.It transmits oxygen and supplements into every one of your cells. Likewise helps control your internal heat level. It additionally serves to your digestion work appropriately. We have to drink six or eight glasses of water a day. On the off chance that the pee is dull in shading, this implies you have to build your liquid levels. Ailment and fever likewise increment your water need, and water substitution is fundamental piece of much clinical treatment P2: Identify distinctive dietary needs at every life stage Early stages (0-3years) The infants just need milk to get the supplements and bosom milk is the best nourishment for them since it contains all supplements the child needs. A few moms can't breastfeed so they can take care of by cow’s milk yet this must be sanitized to forestall contamination. Before a half year we simply recommend rice, other oat grains like oats, wheat, and scarcely can be allowed following a half year. For the initial not many months of their life they get the entirety of the supplements he required from their mother’s milk. Be that as it may, babies are becoming rapidly, and at around a half year old enough bosom milk could not, at this point meet all they needs, they need to give them strong nourishments. We ought to be mindful so as not to give them an excessive number of nourishments high in salt and sugar. Strong nourishments give additional vitality and supplements which are required as of now like Iron and Zinc. You can give them each new food in turn and hold up a few days to see the response and see whether they have any sensitivity or additionally you can perceive how well the new food is processed. By around 12-year and a half the little child can eat a similar food as the remainder of the family, with less salt or sugar. Attempt to give those distinctive products of the soil as they all have various supplements and furthermore incorporate some at every dinner and offer them as tidbits. Ensure your baby get enough calories. For kids between 1 †3 years of age vitality necessities increments since youngsters are progressively dynamic and developing quickly. Protein prerequisites don't expand a lot. Nutrients should be expanded. They need marginally lower measure of calcium and iron. They need progressively mineral at this stage. Adolescence (4-10 years) In this stage the kids are extremely dynamic. Numerous youngsters, particularly the individuals who are not genuinely dynamic, will in general eat such a large number of calories. Youngsters matured 2 to 3 years, 4 to 6 years, and 7 to 10 years require around 1300, 1800, and 2000 calories, individually. In these ages they have to eat well food like fish, meat, pasta, eggs, and potato, they ought not eat too many fresh bubbly beverages desserts and bread rolls in light of the fact that these reason tooth issues and weight. Protein is important for body development, so protein necessities for kids are higher than for grown-ups. They should take full fat milk and skimmed milk ought not be given to youngsters under 5 years old. After the age of 4 youngsters need more vitality and protein, most nutrients and all the minerals aside from iron. Nutrient C continues as before as they were more youthful. By the age of 7 †10 years of age their vitality and protein admission despite everything builds the necessity for most nutrients and minerals expanded aside from nutrient An and C. dairy items ought to be stirred up in diet to support calcium consumption for solid bones. We need to give them nutrient D since it encourages them to assemble solid bones and teeth. Immaturity (11-18years): At the point when the kids get to ages between 11 †14 years they need more vitality and their protein necessity increments by %50. At 11 years old nutrient and mineral necessity contrasts for young men and young ladies. Young men need more nutrient and mineral however there is no change for a portion of the nutrients. Young ladies need to take minerals and iron when the feminine cycle begins. Between the age of 15 †18 young men need more vitality and protein. They need more B nutrients, C, An and minerals, for example, magnesium, potassium, zinc and iodine. They need high measures of calcium as a result of their skeletal turn of events. Necessity for some B nutrients like B1, B3, B6, C and a few minerals like magnesium, potassium and iodine. Young men and young ladies have a similar necessity for B12 and nutrient C, magnesium, sodium and potassium. Young ladies need progressively iron yet lower necessity for zinc and calcium. Adolescents ought to be pushed to pick a blend of nourishments from the other fundamental nutritional categories: A ton of boring starches †bread, rice, pasta, breakfast oats, and potatoes. A lot of foods grown from the ground, Two to three segments of dairy items, similar to milk, yogurt and sanitized cheeses, Two servings of protein, for example, meat, fish, eggs, beans and heartbeats. Numerous adolescents, chiefly young ladies, don’t get enough iron in their eating regimen, so we should ensure they get a lot of meat, fish and verdant green vegetables. Protein is significant, particularly during a teenager’s development spray, as is calcium and nutrients C and D. Since they are so dynamic, they need loads of vitality in their eating routine. Nourishments like pasta and bread are acceptable nourishments as they are high in starch. Adulthood (19-65years): In adulthood age 19 †50 years the vitality necessity is less for the two ladies and men, since they are not as truly dynamic as they were and their metabolic rates delayed down. Their necessity for calcium is lower Women begin losing calcium from bones during and after the start of menopause for around five years, after which the pace of calcium misfortune is diminished until about age seventy-five or eighty. In this way, it is significant for ladies to gobble nourishments high in calcium up to the age of thirty-five, additionally ladies need less magnesium and men need lower measure of iron. Their necessity for protein and the greater part of nutrients and minerals continue as before in contrast with teenagers. Best suggest for food could be: Whole, improved, and braced grains and oats like earthy colored rice and 100% entire wheat bread, vegetables, for example, carrots and broccoli, low-and non-fat dairy items like yogurt and low-lactose milk, dry beans and nuts, fish, lean meat and eggs, liquid admission (water is best).women need to build iron to their eating routine. They ought not eat such a large number of high fat nourishments. Mature age (+ 65years): After the age of 65 we need less vitality since individuals get less dynamic after this age. Men need less protein than ladies and their necessities for nutrients and minerals remain the equivalent for the two people as it was in their adulthood. After the menopause, ladies need less iron. The decrease in vitality needs, combined with unaltered necessity for nutrients and minerals implies that the supplement thickness of the eating routine turns out to be progressively significant. Supplement thickness implies the amount of nutrients and minerals comparable to the measure of vitality provided by the nourishments and beverages devoured. With the progression old enough, the ability to process and eating enormous suppers regularly diminishes. Along these lines, the measure of food given at a time should be diminished. Whenever required number of suppers can be expanded according to the individual’s resistance. They ought to keep away from food wealthy in fat, cholesrtol and creature fats, particularly immersed fats, since they cause some cardio-vascular ailment. They can utilize sunflower oil or soya bean oil to forestall coronary illness. It’

Charles Mingus in the 1950s Essay -- Biography Bio Jazz

Charles Mingus during the 1950s Charles Mingus is one of the most unique and compelling jazz authors of the twentieth century. He made the second-biggest volume of jazz work after Duke Ellington (McDonough 20), and is the main African-American author to have his work gained by the Library of Congress (Harrington B1). Mingus is known for his irregular style of forming and playing, which endeavored to accommodate jazz act of spontaneity with organization, all together for the last sythesis to adjust most near his vision. Additionally, Mingus freed the bass from its everyday job of keeping time, transforming it into a completely adaptable instrument as fit for expressing the topic as the horns. While producing another job for his instrument, he additionally manufactured another style of jazz, one that recognized the impact of bebop however didn't provide food exclusively to that class. Rather, Mingus' music consolidated a wide scope of styles, from Ellington's enormous band sound, to gospel music, to early New Orleans jazz groups. Simultaneously, he instilled present day slants and a cutting edge feeling into his music. During the 1950s, his music made a few significant tasteful and specialized advances, punctuated by the arrival of various powerful collections. These beneficial years were vital in molding Mingus' sound, as he completely consolidated gospel components into his music and built up a methods for creating and working with his performers that took into account interminable development. During the 1940s, Mingus had made incredible walks in building up his style of forming and playing, making works, for example, Mingus Fingers, which was performed by the Lionel Hampton symphony and recorded. In this arrangement, the bass has a conspicuous job in building up the subject, a surprising takeoff from... ... Pithecanthropus Erectus. Liner notes. Atlantic Recording Corporation: 1956. Mingus, Charles. Underneath the Underdog . New York: Alfred A Knopf, 1971. Moon, Tom. The Black Saint's Epitaph. Musician Jun. 1989: 60-121. Perry, David. Jazz Greats . London: Phaidon Press Limited, 1996. Priestley, Brian. Mingus: A Critical Biography . New York: Da Capo Press, 1982. Simon, Marcel-Franck. Explained Mingus discography. http://www.siba.fi/mingus/mfsimon.html West, Hollie I. Charles Mingus. The Washington Post 14 Jan. 1979: P1. West, Hollie I. Jazz Bassist, Composer Charles Mingus, 56, Dies. The Washington Post 9 Jan. 1979: C4. West, Hollie I. Grieving Mingus: His Widow Stokes the Fires of His Legend. The Washington Post 9 Oct. 1979: C3. Zenni, Stefano. The music of Charles Mingus in California. http://www.siba.fi/mingus/zenni/survey.html.

Eller MBA Essay Samples

Eller MBA Essay SamplesEller MBA Essay Samples is an excellent place to start for any aspiring candidate. In these guides you will find sample exams and you will get an idea about the kind of questions you will need to prepare for. It is advisable to read some articles and review some books that can give you a comprehensive guide on this subject before embarking on this journey.Eller provides a step by step guide to candidates, who are looking for a secure, stable and well-paying job with better prospects. If you want to pursue an MBA course from Eller, it is advisable to go through the MBA Essay Sample pack which is provided by Eller. You will find that there are dozens of sample exams, you can download and take and that too without having to worry about whether the question papers are identical to the ones which are available in the Eller books. All you have to do is pay a minimal fee and the money goes towards support for your education.Many people who are new to this profession, find that the Eller MBA Essay Sample is the best thing for them because it will give them a test case, where they can actually learn how to go about composing an excellent GMAT question paper. The real value of the Eller MBA Essay Sample is that it will give them a clear picture of the type of questions that will be asked by the GMAT.One can also get hold of the GMAT Prep books, which are available online at Eller. These are great because they provide their readers with plenty of details regarding the GMAT, which is probably the most awaited test in the world. Although this test is given by an American company, many companies are outsourcing this test and providing their students the opportunity to take it.It is possible to get a guide from Eller, which is all about the GMAT for beginners, which is ideal for those who have no prior knowledge about the MBA Exam. This will let you know how the GMAT exam will look like, so that you can assess whether you can pass it or not. The fact th at you can practice the exam, makes this guide more useful than anything else.Eller also provides students with sample questions for their specific GMAT classes. They also provide tips on how to prepare for the GMAT by studying beforehand. It is possible to understand the questions and understand the techniques, which are needed to succeed with your training.Eller is one of the best companies when it comes to quality and service. It provides the students, with the opportunity to prepare for this test with ease and comfort.

Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In general, Mr. Yang presumably felt he was in control of all the matters concerning the departmental management, leaving Ms. Song in confusion as to what her roles are, including the assignment of duties to Mr. Yang. This prompted Ms. Song to request the CEO to assign training tasks directly to Mr. Yang. The organizational theory of organization behavior explains the need to have a matrix organizational structures that blend the functional and project authorities in an organization. Mr. Yang s training department represents a functional structure in the organization. Meanwhile, Ms. Song being in charge of projects holds a projective office structure. This formation enables the authority of a functional manager to flow downwards to members of his/her department, while the project manager issues authorities to functional managers. This outlines the pattern of hierarchy in the project. A project manager is in charge of conveying messages within an organization concerning the project. In large corporations such as BEC, the project manager should hold the authority of giving orders as per the directions of the project. The flow of information should come from the top management down to the departmental managers through the project managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Therefore, Ms. Song should have taken control of communication, giving the necessary guidance to the functional managers. Motivation and leadership is a key function of a project manager in the matrix organizational structure. The project managers should be the person overseeing the limited time of the completion of a project. Normally, functional managers do not notice the ineffectiveness of their departments, and often need a neutral observer to judge the performance of their departments. In the project, therefore, a project manager eliminates the bureaucracy that exists in departments, thereby motivating and challenging the employees towards completing the project upon the set deadline.

Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In general, Mr. Yang presumably felt he was in control of all the matters concerning the departmental management, leaving Ms. Song in confusion as to what her roles are, including the assignment of duties to Mr. Yang. This prompted Ms. Song to request the CEO to assign training tasks directly to Mr. Yang. The organizational theory of organization behavior explains the need to have a matrix organizational structures that blend the functional and project authorities in an organization. Mr. Yang s training department represents a functional structure in the organization. Meanwhile, Ms. Song being in charge of projects holds a projective office structure. This formation enables the authority of a functional manager to flow downwards to members of his/her department, while the project manager issues authorities to functional managers. This outlines the pattern of hierarchy in the project. A project manager is in charge of conveying messages within an organization concerning the project. In large corporations such as BEC, the project manager should hold the authority of giving orders as per the directions of the project. The flow of information should come from the top management down to the departmental managers through the project managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Therefore, Ms. Song should have taken control of communication, giving the necessary guidance to the functional managers. Motivation and leadership is a key function of a project manager in the matrix organizational structure. The project managers should be the person overseeing the limited time of the completion of a project. Normally, functional managers do not notice the ineffectiveness of their departments, and often need a neutral observer to judge the performance of their departments. In the project, therefore, a project manager eliminates the bureaucracy that exists in departments, thereby motivating and challenging the employees towards completing the project upon the set deadline.

Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In general, Mr. Yang presumably felt he was in control of all the matters concerning the departmental management, leaving Ms. Song in confusion as to what her roles are, including the assignment of duties to Mr. Yang. This prompted Ms. Song to request the CEO to assign training tasks directly to Mr. Yang. The organizational theory of organization behavior explains the need to have a matrix organizational structures that blend the functional and project authorities in an organization. Mr. Yang s training department represents a functional structure in the organization. Meanwhile, Ms. Song being in charge of projects holds a projective office structure. This formation enables the authority of a functional manager to flow downwards to members of his/her department, while the project manager issues authorities to functional managers. This outlines the pattern of hierarchy in the project. A project manager is in charge of conveying messages within an organization concerning the project. In large corporations such as BEC, the project manager should hold the authority of giving orders as per the directions of the project. The flow of information should come from the top management down to the departmental managers through the project managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Therefore, Ms. Song should have taken control of communication, giving the necessary guidance to the functional managers. Motivation and leadership is a key function of a project manager in the matrix organizational structure. The project managers should be the person overseeing the limited time of the completion of a project. Normally, functional managers do not notice the ineffectiveness of their departments, and often need a neutral observer to judge the performance of their departments. In the project, therefore, a project manager eliminates the bureaucracy that exists in departments, thereby motivating and challenging the employees towards completing the project upon the set deadline.

Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In general, Mr. Yang presumably felt he was in control of all the matters concerning the departmental management, leaving Ms. Song in confusion as to what her roles are, including the assignment of duties to Mr. Yang. This prompted Ms. Song to request the CEO to assign training tasks directly to Mr. Yang. The organizational theory of organization behavior explains the need to have a matrix organizational structures that blend the functional and project authorities in an organization. Mr. Yang s training department represents a functional structure in the organization. Meanwhile, Ms. Song being in charge of projects holds a projective office structure. This formation enables the authority of a functional manager to flow downwards to members of his/her department, while the project manager issues authorities to functional managers. This outlines the pattern of hierarchy in the project. A project manager is in charge of conveying messages within an organization concerning the project. In large corporations such as BEC, the project manager should hold the authority of giving orders as per the directions of the project. The flow of information should come from the top management down to the departmental managers through the project managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Therefore, Ms. Song should have taken control of communication, giving the necessary guidance to the functional managers. Motivation and leadership is a key function of a project manager in the matrix organizational structure. The project managers should be the person overseeing the limited time of the completion of a project. Normally, functional managers do not notice the ineffectiveness of their departments, and often need a neutral observer to judge the performance of their departments. In the project, therefore, a project manager eliminates the bureaucracy that exists in departments, thereby motivating and challenging the employees towards completing the project upon the set deadline.

Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In general, Mr. Yang presumably felt he was in control of all the matters concerning the departmental management, leaving Ms. Song in confusion as to what her roles are, including the assignment of duties to Mr. Yang. This prompted Ms. Song to request the CEO to assign training tasks directly to Mr. Yang. The organizational theory of organization behavior explains the need to have a matrix organizational structures that blend the functional and project authorities in an organization. Mr. Yang s training department represents a functional structure in the organization. Meanwhile, Ms. Song being in charge of projects holds a projective office structure. This formation enables the authority of a functional manager to flow downwards to members of his/her department, while the project manager issues authorities to functional managers. This outlines the pattern of hierarchy in the project. A project manager is in charge of conveying messages within an organization concerning the project. In large corporations such as BEC, the project manager should hold the authority of giving orders as per the directions of the project. The flow of information should come from the top management down to the departmental managers through the project managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Therefore, Ms. Song should have taken control of communication, giving the necessary guidance to the functional managers. Motivation and leadership is a key function of a project manager in the matrix organizational structure. The project managers should be the person overseeing the limited time of the completion of a project. Normally, functional managers do not notice the ineffectiveness of their departments, and often need a neutral observer to judge the performance of their departments. In the project, therefore, a project manager eliminates the bureaucracy that exists in departments, thereby motivating and challenging the employees towards completing the project upon the set deadline.

Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In general, Mr. Yang presumably felt he was in control of all the matters concerning the departmental management, leaving Ms. Song in confusion as to what her roles are, including the assignment of duties to Mr. Yang. This prompted Ms. Song to request the CEO to assign training tasks directly to Mr. Yang. The organizational theory of organization behavior explains the need to have a matrix organizational structures that blend the functional and project authorities in an organization. Mr. Yang s training department represents a functional structure in the organization. Meanwhile, Ms. Song being in charge of projects holds a projective office structure. This formation enables the authority of a functional manager to flow downwards to members of his/her department, while the project manager issues authorities to functional managers. This outlines the pattern of hierarchy in the project. A project manager is in charge of conveying messages within an organization concerning the project. In large corporations such as BEC, the project manager should hold the authority of giving orders as per the directions of the project. The flow of information should come from the top management down to the departmental managers through the project managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Therefore, Ms. Song should have taken control of communication, giving the necessary guidance to the functional managers. Motivation and leadership is a key function of a project manager in the matrix organizational structure. The project managers should be the person overseeing the limited time of the completion of a project. Normally, functional managers do not notice the ineffectiveness of their departments, and often need a neutral observer to judge the performance of their departments. In the project, therefore, a project manager eliminates the bureaucracy that exists in departments, thereby motivating and challenging the employees towards completing the project upon the set deadline.

Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP Free Essay Example, 1000 words

In general, Mr. Yang presumably felt he was in control of all the matters concerning the departmental management, leaving Ms. Song in confusion as to what her roles are, including the assignment of duties to Mr. Yang. This prompted Ms. Song to request the CEO to assign training tasks directly to Mr. Yang. The organizational theory of organization behavior explains the need to have a matrix organizational structures that blend the functional and project authorities in an organization. Mr. Yang s training department represents a functional structure in the organization. Meanwhile, Ms. Song being in charge of projects holds a projective office structure. This formation enables the authority of a functional manager to flow downwards to members of his/her department, while the project manager issues authorities to functional managers. This outlines the pattern of hierarchy in the project. A project manager is in charge of conveying messages within an organization concerning the project. In large corporations such as BEC, the project manager should hold the authority of giving orders as per the directions of the project. The flow of information should come from the top management down to the departmental managers through the project managers. We will write a custom essay sample on Identification of Major Issues of the Beijing EAP or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Therefore, Ms. Song should have taken control of communication, giving the necessary guidance to the functional managers. Motivation and leadership is a key function of a project manager in the matrix organizational structure. The project managers should be the person overseeing the limited time of the completion of a project. Normally, functional managers do not notice the ineffectiveness of their departments, and often need a neutral observer to judge the performance of their departments. In the project, therefore, a project manager eliminates the bureaucracy that exists in departments, thereby motivating and challenging the employees towards completing the project upon the set deadline.

Essay on Analyzing Antigone and Creon - 1313 Words

Sophocles play titled Antigone, embellishes the opposing conflicts between Antigone who stands for the values of family, and Creon who stands for the values of state. Sophocles explores the depths of Antigone’s morality and the duty based on consequence throughout the play, as well as the practical consequences of Creon who is passionate and close-minded. Although Antigone’s moral decisions appear to be more logical and favorable than Creon’s, a personal argument would be that both characters’ decisions in society can be equally justified. In the play, Sophocles examines the nature of Antigone and Creon who have two different views about life, and use those views against one another. Antigone who is depicted as the hero represents the†¦show more content†¦Because of Antigone’s bold action, it is certain that the gods will reward Antigone in the afterlife for the noble judgment and loyalty. Similar to Antigone, Creon, King of Thebes, also has a self-reliance perception about how life should be and is determined to uphold it. Unlike Antigone however, Creon believes that humanity has the power to control or dictate how society should act and behave. All problems caused by humanity in the state should be solved by using mortal laws rather than the divine laws of the gods. After Antigone was arrested and thrown into prison for breaking the law of burying Polynices, Creon ordered an execution of Antigone. The notion conveys that Creon has essentially lost touch with the values of family and cannot trust Antigone because of the disobedience act. As stated by Creon, â€Å"you cannot know a man completely, his character, his principles, sense of judgment, not till he’s shown his colours, ruling people, making laws. Experience, there’s the test† (Sophocles, 1470). From this, Creon’s obligation for the laws supports the idea that the king being out of touch from kinship and that the individua l is narrow-minded and does not want to listen to any but one’s self, which is unwise and insignificant for a leader with such great power. In an argument against Creon, Haemon challenges the morality of power saying that the order to execute Antigone is beyond governmental jurisdiction and that the people ofShow MoreRelatedSophocles Antigone : The Third Of The Three Theban Tragic Plays1106 Words   |  5 PagesSophocles’s play, Antigone is the third of the three Theban tragic plays and was written around 440 B.C. and is still well known today. Sophocles s play Antigone tells a tragic story about family honor and a sister’s love for her brothers. After Antigone’s two brothers, Polynices and Eteocles died in battle, Creon became the new leader of Thebes. Creon orders that Eteocles have a proper burial while Polynices’s body remain unburied, simply left to rot. Antigone refuses to let her brother’s bodyRead MoreAntigone Feminist Analysis1622 Words   |  7 PagesAntigone, a Greek tragedy pertaining to the events following the deaths of Eteocles and Polynices, Oedipus’ sons, due to a conflict over power. Upon the death of both children their uncle Creon takes the throne of Thebes for himself and declares Polynices a traitor to the state and withheld his burial rights from him. Antigone choose to disobey Creon’s decree and bury her bother. Sophocles’ play has been a long treasure piece of literature throughout the ages; sparking many papers and debates fromRead MoreGender Roles In Antigone1547 Words   |  7 PagesIn Sophocles’ Antigone, gender roles are a major conflicting theme throughout the entire play. The setting of the play was written during the Greek mythological days, around 442 B.C. During these days, men were dominant and held all of the power, so women were automatically treated as less. Antigone and Creon portray the conflicting sides between male and female, and Ismene and Hae mon portray opposing sides to Antigone and Creon’s actions. Antigone, Ismene, Creon, and Haemon each show differencesRead MoreRight Against Right in Antigone by Sophocles Essay example1091 Words   |  5 PagesThe German philosopher Hegel stated that the play Antigone written by Sophocles represents the tragic collision of right against right, with both sides equally justified. The play begins with tragedy and ends the same way. Polyneices and Eteocles were brothers whom killed each other in combat over the power of the throne. Creon, the brothers’ uncle, was the following family member to occupy the throne. But he did not desire the same pattern to repeat itself. Therefore he created a decree which punishedRead MoreEssay on Antigone1426 Words   |  6 Pagesjudgments will ultimately suffer from the consequences of their actions. In Sophocles Antigone, these prejudices notably surface in the form of paternalism as demonstrated through Creons government, highlighting the importance of gender roles throughout the play. Therefore, analyzing the motif of gender roles and its effect on the definition of justice through the perspectives of Ismene, Antigone, and Creon enables the audience to understand how Sophocles macroscopic analogy to humanitys prejudicedRead More Sophocles’ Oedipus Cycle – Antigone, as a Feminist Essay1380 Words   |  6 PagesSophocles’ Oedipus Cycle – Antigone, as a Feminist Throughout history, women have always stood in the shadows of men. In many cultures, the role of women has always been to be seen and not heard. As one of the first feminists in world literature, the character Antigone, of Sophocles’ Oedipus Cycle, displays fine characteristics of a great female leader in order to stand up against male dominance for her religious, political, and personal beliefs. When the king denies her brother, Polynices,Read MoreThe Theme of Hubris in Ancient Greek Mythology and Literature681 Words   |  3 Pagespunishment, and it was the downfall of many characters in ancient myths. The importance of Hubris to the Greeks is made obvious by how often it appears as a main theme in their myths. Three stories that show examples of hubris are Oedipus The King, Antigone, and The Story of Phaethon in Ovid’s Metamorphoses. The theme of hubris can be seen throughout Oedipus The King, and is the reason for the downfall of more than one character. Oedipus’ parents, are the first to commit hubris; instead of lettingRead MoreComparing Oedipus The King And Antigone1311 Words   |  6 PagesWhen analyzing both Oedipus the King and Antigone, Oedipus and Antigone are very alike in ways. When reading these plays, the mind is wired to compare how the protagonists are alike, and contrast how they are different. Antigone and Oedipus are idolized by the people, but the legacy of Oedipus seems to have been altered due to the fact that he has experienced bad past family relationships; therefore as Gale explains, â€Å"Antigone hangs herself. Creon’s son Haemon, who was in love with Antigone, commitsRead MoreSophocles The King And Antigone Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pages Sophocles wrote about kings. Mythological, or at least long dead, the regal protagonists of fraction of Sophocles’ survivin g work embody the political realities of the ancients’ time. By examining and analyzing the origins and nature of kingship in Sophocles, one can glean a sliver of insight into a civilization that has all but disappeared. Sophocles’s kings were great human leaders, reaching their position through impressive deeds or standing in the community. Although they wielded great powerRead MorePassion And Passion In Antigone1401 Words   |  6 PagesIn the play Antigone, it becomes clear that Antigone is a passionate woman who is willing to go to extreme lengths for her beliefs. The passage that most stood out to me was â€Å"It is noble for me to die doing this. I will lie there with him, loved by the one I love, guilty of the crime of holy reverence† (Lines 63-65). At this point, Antigone is proclaiming her undying love for her brother Polyneices, and her willingness to give him a proper burial at the expense of her life. This passage stood out

Examining Influence Uncertainty Marketing - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Examining Influence Uncertainty Marketing? Answer: Introduction: Marketing mix refers to the set of actions or tactics that a company uses to promote its product or brand in the market. A typical marketing mix basically consist of the 4Ps (Product, Price, Place Promotion), but the marketers these days have identified another 3Ps (People, Physical Evidence and Process) which covers every aspect of a product. The marketing mix is used by every company these days to come up with a highly targeted strategy for its consumers. All the elements in marketing mix influence each other, they help in creating a formidable marketing plan for the company resulting in sustained success. Within the purview of the assignment Product, Price and Promotion will be considered for identifying the strategies for TOTO (Helm Gritsch, 2014) Product Product is one of the most important elements in the marketing mix; a product is expected to deliver at least the minimum level of performance for other marketing mix element to work. Product encompasses Design, Technology, usefulness, convenience, value, quality, packaging, branding, accessories and warrantees (Khan, 2014) TOTO being Japans leading name in the Sanitary ware and is a name synonymous with advanced Hi-Tech bathroom culture since 1917. The product range includes Rimless toilets, washlets, wash basin, bidets, urinals, showers, bathtubs, faucets, hand dryer and accessories, all the products are laced with advanced technology and are extremely innovative products. Inax, Kohler Brondell are the biggest competitors of TOTO and provide mostly same or a bit differentiated products (Pathak Sharma, 2016). However, TOTOs name being synonymous with premium quality, luxury and advanced technology makes it unique and ahead of its competitors. Certain products of TOTO are more popular than its entire offering, especially Washlet Bidets, the reason for the extreme popularity of Bidets and Washlet can be owed to its cutting edge technology, attractive designing and its pricing(Booth, 2015) Product strategy for TOTO can be to focus on what it does best, usage of technology to create products which are highly useful for its customer base. TOTO focussing on delivering clean technology to its consumers and it goes well with its Target audience. The Target audience being young, independent, aware of the current trends in the sanitary ware is the perfect audience for the hi-tech products of TOTO. Hence it is highly advised that TOTO focuses on Washlet and Bidets as they are the most popular products of the company. The product is relevant as well as highly useful for the young audience. Thus efforts should be made to tweak in with the technology, making it more neat, attractive and contemporary designs, the Target audience resonates with all these factors and hence it makes more sense to focus on the customers touch point by delivering to them what they care about the most. Price Price is another important factor in the marketing mix; every company focuses on setting up a price which is either based on the value of the perceived product or cost based. Pricing strategies like Skimming, penetration, psychological, cost plus etc. are used while deciding how to enter the market. TOTOs product is luxurious, laced with high end technology and hence is perceived as high priced products. The company invests a lot In the RD, technology and keeping the bar of the quality high and hence its products are expensive in comparison to its competitors. It has certainly helped the company in building an image that it charges for the superior quality and advanced products. The target audience of TOTO falls in the age group of 25-35; the people are either single or newly married, professionals, looking for a new place to live in. It has been seen that older generation people do not spend too much on the toilets and are content with pretty much what they already have in place, at the same time they perceive that the spending too much on toilets is waste of money. Although they do appreciate the product quality and the features TOTO product provides, but at the same time they dont buy it because of premium pricing. According to Australian data, 16.24 million (two thirds of the population) people reside in greater capital cities and almost 7.97 million people stay in rest of the Australia. The data is extremely helpful for TOTO to make sense of while developing its pricing strategy. It has been mentioned earlier that only 1% of the Australian population uses advanced toilets, hence there is enough market for TOTO to capture. TOTO should go forward with penetration strategy in the urban market; the strategy will be extremely useful in capturing a big pie of the market share. Pricing the product at a lower price (Limited period offer) will give people a look and feel of the attributes products of TOTO provides, and once they are satisfied with the quality, organic word of mouth will happen leading to increase in the market share. Thus, TOTO will be able to change the outlook of the Australians towards the usage of advanced toilets and will have the first movers advantage in doing so. Promotion Promotion is becoming increasingly important element in the marketing mix, marketers are exploiting this element to its full advantage and trying to gain as much as possible from Promotions. It encompasses special offers, advertising, endorsements, user trials, promotional mails, free gifts, leaflets, digital branding and promotion techniques to capture the eye balls of the customers. It basically caters to the platform wherever the audience can access to information related to companys product. A combination of both Web 2.0 and traditional tools of marketing are used for promotions (Jackson Ahuja, 2016) TOTOs product is increasingly popular and people recognize the brand, but they prefer to stay away from buying the product because of their perception that the products are premium priced. The TG of TOTO is people ranging in the age group of (25-35), which is the new generation, highly knowledgeable and knows what product they need. Creating promotional strategies for such a smart audience becomes easy. Australia has 89% of active internet users and thus it makes more of sense to promote the products more on online channels rather than wasting a huge sum of money on the traditional tools of marketing. The promotion strategy for TOTO should be to promote its product on digital and social media. The Target group can be found mostly spending their time on social media. Thus, it makes more sense to target the customers on the go. TOTOs marketing strategy should be to increase the awareness about the brand, create an interest among the consumers, and provoke a desire for them to buy the product and then provide them with an action to buy for the consumer. Using the AIDA model, TOTO can effectively target its customers and provide them with highly relevant content. TOTO has to create and promote blogs about the growing importance of advanced toilets and how they are creating a wave in the new world. Developing content focussing on TOTOs product, features, history and promoting the special discount offers will be highly beneficial to increase the penetration of TOTOs product. Promotion of the products, discount on social media, special offers, loyalty bonus, quizzes, Event for the audien ce will help the company in reaching a large number of audiences, which are usually difficult to reach via traditional tools of marketing. TOTO should do a profiling of its customers and segment them in buckets as to what kind of content they consume what websites they log on to on a daily base and then push relevant content to them both organically and inorganically(Moor, 2003) The above mentioned strategy will help TOTO in driving the sales and create a market which is aware of the advanced technology in the sanitary ware. The strategies should be implemented at the earliest as it is a matter of time that competitors might think of the same and thus can leverage the first movers advantage. Conclusion TOTO is one of the worlds largest manufacturers of advanced toilets and sanitary ware, the name TOTO stands for superior quality of luxurious products laced with advanced technology. The audience for TOTO comprises of individuals who fall in the age group of 25-35, it is the audience which is highly informed and prefers trendy and quality product. The same can be interpreted as win win for both the audience and the company as TOTO caters to those needs of the customers. Washlets and Bidets are the most popular products of the company and hence leveraging on the success of the product range makes more sense, as the people are already ware of the cutting edge technology and their high relevancy. TOTOs product are premium priced because of high investments in RD, technology, thus customers prefer to stay away from companys product, hence TOTO should start with penetration pricing strategy to capture a large audience and make the products affordable and increase the awareness of it. Inte rnet penetration in Australia makes more sense for the company to invest in marketing on the digital and social media, the company will be able to reduce the costs of marketing and reach a wider audience on digital platforms. References Booth, R. (2015). High-tech Toilets and the Future. Helm, R., Gritsch, S. (2014). Examining the influence of uncertainty on marketing mix strategy elements in emerging business to business export-markets.International Business Review,23(2), 418-428. Jackson, G., Ahuja, V. (2016). Dawn of the digital age and the evolution of the marketing mix.Journal of Direct, Data and Digital Marketing Practice,17(3), 170-186. Khan, M. T. (2014). The concept of'marketing mix'and its elements (a conceptual review paper).International journal of information, business and management,6(2), 95. Moor, E. (2003). Branded spaces: the scope of new marketing.Journal of Consumer Culture,3(1), 39-60. Pathak, R., Sharma, M. (2016). Kohler Innovate the Consumer Way: Because Hands are made For Love.International Journal of Business and Social Science, 280-88. Toto.com 2017, About Toto Clean Technology, viewed 1st February 2018, https://gb.toto.com/company/about/clean-technology/

Determination Of Chlorinated Phenols Based On Chromatographic Techniques Biology Essay Essay Example

Determination Of Chlorinated Phenols Based On Chromatographic Techniques Biology Essay Essay Chlorinated phenols are well-known environmental pollutants which are widely distributed in natural Waterss and dirts because of their extended use in many industrial and agricultural procedures such as the industry of plastics, dyes, drugs, antiseptics, germicides, intermediates in chemical production and pesticides. In add-on, Chlorophenols ( CPs ) are besides generated during the chlorine intervention of imbibing H2O [ 29 ] and every bit good as by the debasement of phenoxy weedkillers. Because to their toxicity in aquatic life and hapless biotreatability, US Environmental Protection Agency ( EPA ) have included chlorophenols in their lists of precedence pollutants and considered as of import environmental hazards. The European Community statute law has besides set maximal admissible phenols concentration of 0.5 ng/mL in tap H2O [ 7 ] . In Taiwan, serious pollutions of CPs in dirt and H2O have been reported due to assorted industrial and agricultural activities [ 1 ] . On this foo ting, the finding of this category of compounds in the environment is of great importance. Therefore, an accurate and sensitive method is required for the finding of CPs in environmental samples. We will write a custom essay sample on Determination Of Chlorinated Phenols Based On Chromatographic Techniques Biology Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Determination Of Chlorinated Phenols Based On Chromatographic Techniques Biology Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Determination Of Chlorinated Phenols Based On Chromatographic Techniques Biology Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Most of the analytical methods for finding of CPs are based on chromatographic techniques such as high public presentation liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) [ 8-10 ] , gas chromatography ( GC ) [ 11-13 ] and capillary cataphoresis [ 14,15 ] . In GC analysis, because of high mutual opposition of CPs compounds, they lend to wide, tailed extremums, and these effects led to high sensing bounds. To avoid this drawback, the CPs have to be derivatized with a suited derivatization reagent before injection into the GC. On the other manus, HPLC is a good option technique, in which isocratic or gradient elution can be used to divide the phenolic compounds and it has been widely used for the separation and finding of CPs [ 30-33 ] , and is frequently coupled with assorted sensors such as UV ( UV ) [ 31,34 ] , fluorescence [ 35 ] , and electrochemical [ 36 ] . However, because of the comparatively low concentrations of most CPs and the built-in complexness in environmental H2O samples, a preconcentr ation measure normally becomes necessary, prior to their analysis. Over the past decennaries, Liquid-liquid extraction ( LLE ) [ 13 ] and solid-phase extraction ( SPE ) [ 14 ] are the most widely used techniques for the preconcentration of CPs in environmental samples. Normally, both the techniques needs an appreciable sum of toxic dissolver for extraction or elution stairss, and the extracted dissolvers are required to vaporize to concentrate the sample and reconstitution for the subsequent HPLC analysis which are time-consuming, boring, and risky to the operators and consequence in menace to the environment. In the last decennary, there is an emerging tendency towards the miniaturisation of chemical analysis systems which consists of several distinguishable advantages such as rapid analysis, simplification and smaller sample volume. Furthermore, an environmentally friendly characteristic of the miniaturized analysis systems is that the ingestion of reagents is reduced. Solid-phase microextraction ( SPME ) technique has been developed as a simple, rapid, and less solvent ingestion procedure [ 9 ] typically applied to CP trying [ 10-12 ] . SPME is largely combined with GC-flame ionisation sensing ( FID ) or GC-mass spectroscopy ( MS ) for analysis ; nevertheless, derivatization is normally still required in this technique. When SPME is coupled to HPLC or CE, a solvent desorption measure is required to retrieve all sorbed analytes and to avoid transfer. Owing to these grounds, most current applications of SPME are limited to non-polar or average polar compounds [ 19 ] . Recently, a fast, simple, cheap and virtually solvent less sample readying method was developed for the preconcentration of the mark pollutants from H2O, this technique is known as single-drop microextraction ( SDME ) [ 20-24 ] . It is a miniaturisation of the traditional liquid-liquid extraction ( LLE ) technique, which is based on the extraction of analytes in a mirolitre bead of a H2O non-miscible dissolver is suspended in the acerate leaf of a microsyringe that can be straight immersed in the aqueous sample ( DI-SDME ) or in its headspace ( HS-SDME ) [ 33 ] . When the extraction finished, the microdrop is retracted back into the microsyringe and injected to the instrument such as gas chromatograph ( GC ) and high public presentation liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) for farther analysis. The research group of Lee farther developed this technique by presenting the constructs of inactive and dynamic microextraction combined with GC [ 11-13 ] . This technique is inexpensive and there i s minimum exposure to toxic organic dissolvers. SDME has been applied for the finding of organochlorine insect powders and organophosphorous insect powders [ 25-34 ] , etc. , . Although organic dissolvers have been normally used as extractants in SDME, a high instability of the bead and hapless preciseness degrees have been reported as a consequence of the organic extractant vaporization and low viscousness. Ionic liquids ( ILs ) emerged as an option to these conventional dissolvers as they present alone and valuable belongingss including low vapor force per unit area, high viscousness or good thermic stableness, moderate dissolvability of organic compounds every bit good as adjustable miscibility and mutual opposition [ 2-5 ] . These belongingss make these dissolvers absolutely suited for SDME since larger and more consistent pull outing volumes can be used [ 34 ] . The ionic liquid-based individual bead microextraction has been antecedently used for the finding of pollutants with HPLC [ 35-37 ] or GC finding [ 38,39 ] . The chief advantages of ILs when used for SDME are that they allow the application of longer trying times every bit good as the usage of larger bead volumes, therefore taking to the development of high-performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) protocols with increased sensitiveness. The pertinence of microwave energy for the extraction of pollutants from environmental samples has been investigated for the last 10 old ages and new analytical methodological analysiss have been developed ( ) . Microwaves straight couple with the analytes present in the sample matrix taking to an instantaneous localised superheating ( In order to shorten the sampling clip of HS-SPME, microwave warming was utilized for the rapid acceleration of vaporisation of analytes from the sample matrix to headspace and rapid analysis was achieved for polychlorinated biphenyls ( ) , organochlorinated pesticides ( ) , pyrethroids ( ) , chlorobenzenes ( ) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( ) in H2O samples. Subsequently on, microwave warming was besides tried coupled with HS-LPME or HS-SDME for the possible betterments in the analysis of semi-volatile pollutants in Waterss [ ] , However, when microwave warming was applied to modify HS-LPME, it resulted in the important vaporization of the extr action dissolver, later impacting extraction duplicability. In order to get the better of the above disadvantage, low volatile ionic liquids were used in microwave assisted HS-SDME to roll up chlorobenzenes from aqueous samples prior to HPLC analysis ( ) . However, due to the declining public presentation of the column, both HPLC and GC are considered inappropriate methods to analyse the species in ionic liquids. In other manus, Yamini and Shamsipur introduced two H2O baths [ 8,9 ] to command the temperature of extractant and sample, severally. This optimized process was successfully applied to pull out and find analytes in H2O samples. But the low temperature of extractant was non truly realized because the ice bath was used to command the temperature of dissolver in the column of microsyringe but non at the tip of microsyringe acerate leaf. Besides the readying of the little extraction device is boring, particular tools are needed, and the duplicability of the device possibly non so good. Second, the solvent microdrop is unstable and easy to fall down from the acerate leaf, particularly when utilizing H2O mixable dissolvers as extractant. In order to increase the bead volume permitted for extraction, different alterations of the needle tip has been proposed, all of them based on increasing the contact country with the bead [ 21-23 ] . Ye et Al. [ 20 ] , was designed a little bell-mouthed extraction device with a 5mm Si gum elastic tubing or Teflon ( PTFE ) tubing, in which 20 _L 1-octantol was used as extractant without their dislodgment from the acerate leaf to preconcentrate weedkillers in H2O samples which showed improved extraction efficiency with high sensitiveness for HPLC analysis. Followed by, Xu et Al. was introduced a conic polypropene PCR tubing alternatively of the needle tip of a microsyringe in which more sum extractant could be suspended in the PCR tubing than microsyringe due to the larger interfacial tenseness. This method was successfully applied to find volatile CPs in existent aqueous samples. However, the extraction efficiency was improved through commanding the temperature of extractant merely by puting an ice bag around the PCR tubing. Besides this attack significantly complicates the experimental apparatus, particular tools are needed, and the duplicability of the device possibly non so good. Furthermore, extraction clip is longer and it should be used merely for extremely volatile analytes with low solvent-headspace distribution invariables due to the elevated temperatures tend to diminish the organic solvent-headspace distribution invariable, ensuing in lower sensitiveness of the finding. The loss of sensitiveness can be avoided if the pull outing dissolver is cooled while the sample is heated. In our old research plants, we demonstrated a fresh LPME method termed one-step microwave assisted controlled-temperature headspace liquid stage microextraction technique utilizing micro-liter sum of organic dissolver and which has been successfully applied for the analysis of chlorophenols and hexachlorocyclohexanes in environmental H2O samples utilizing GC-ECD ( ) . This new method utilizes an external-cooling system which controls the temperature of the heavy cloud of analyte-water vapour formed in the headspace LPME trying zone. It besides prevents the vaporisation of the LPME extraction dissolver. Meanwhile, it earned many virtues such as celerity, simpleness, easy to run, low cost, etc. and is a valuable and environmental friendly method. However, some disadvantages of LPME utilizing hollow fibre membranes, such as ( 1 ) being of a membrane barrier between the beginning ( sample ) stage and receiving ( acceptor ) stage cut down extraction rate and increase extraction clip ; ( 2 ) in two stages LPME extra sum of dissolver is needed for elution of analytes from lms and pores of fibre. Besides this procedure is a clip devouring measure ; ( 3 ) creative activity of air bubbles on the surface of the hollow fibre reduces the conveyance rate and decreases the duplicability of the extraction ; ( 4 ) in existent samples such as piss, effluent, etc. surface assimilation of hydrophobic substances on the fiber surface may barricade the pores. However, to our cognition, there is no study refering with the combination of one-step microwave warming coupled with temperature controlled bell-shape HS-SDME utilizing organic-aqueous mixture extractant for the extraction of chlorophenols analysis utilizing the SDME method. In continuance of our research work, we report here for the first clip the development and pertinence of the unmoved microwave-assisted temperature-controlled headspace single-drop micro-extraction ( MA-TC-HS-SDME ) for the rapid and efficient preconcentration of chlorphenols in complicated environmental aqueous samples towards effectual HPLC-UV finding. The present method reduces the extraction clip and the bounds of sensing values obtained are equal for hint analysis of chlorophenols in environmental H2O samples. The consequence of assorted experimental conditions on the extraction of chlorophenols are investigated and discussed in item. 2. Materials and methods 2.1. Reagents and Solutions 2-Chlorophenol ( 2-CP ) , 2,4-Dichlorophenol ( DCP ) and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol ( TCP ) were purchased from Aldrich ( Milwaukee, WI, USA ) and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol ( 2,3,4,6-TeCP ) was obtained from Lancaster Synthesis ( Ward Hill, MA, USA ) . HPLC-grade methyl alcohol, propanone and acetonitrile were obtained from Merck Chemicals ( Darmstadt, Germany ) . Sodium chloride and Na hydrated oxide were obtained from Merck Chemicals. Hydrochloric acid ( 36.4 % ) was from J.T. Baker ( Phillipsburg, USA ) .All chemicals used in the survey were of ACS reagent class. Ultrapure H2O for all aqueous solutions was produced in the research lab utilizing the Barnstead Nanopure H2O system ( Barnstead, New York, USA ) . Stock solutions ( 1 mg/mL of each analyte ) were prepared by fade outing chlorophenols in methonal and stored in brown glass bottles with PTFE-lined cap and kept 4 -C. Working solutions were obtained daily by suitably thining the stock solutions with H2O. Groundwater samples were collected from a deep well in west suburb of Beijing, river H2O samples from the Haihe River in Tianjin, China, effluent at a sewerage outfall of a effluent intervention mill in Beijing and tap H2O samples from our research lab after fluxing for about 5 min. These samples were all stored at the temperature of 4-C. 2.2. Instrumentality The extraction and injection were carried out utilizing a 25 _L HPLC microsyringe ( Shanghai, China ) . A S23-2 digital magnetic scaremonger ( Shanghai Sile Instrument Co. , China ) and a 5mm stirring saloon were used to stir the solution. HPLC analysis was carried out on a LC-10AT liquid chromatography ( Shimadzu, Japan ) with two LC-10ATvp pumps and a SPD-10Avp UV/vis sensor. Chromatographic separations were performed on a VP-ODS C18 column ( 250mm-4.6mm ID, atom size 5 _m ) ( Shimadzu, Japan ) . Data acquisition and procedure were accomplished with a Chromato-solution Light Workstation ( Shimadzu, Japan ) . The nomadic stage was H2O, methyl alcohol and acetonitrile ( 45:33:22, v/v/v ) at the flow rate of 0.6mLmin?1. Detection was set at 223 nanometer. Under these chromatographic conditions, baseline separation can be obtained for the mark compounds. 2.2. Instrumentality Analysis was carried out utilizing HP 5890 ( Hewlett Packard, Pennsylvania, USA ) gas chromatograph equipped with a split/split-less injector and an negatron gaining control sensor ( ECD, 63Ni ) . Compounds were separated on a amalgamate silicon oxide HP-5MS capillary column ( 30m x 0.25mm IDs, 0.25 Â µm movie thickness ) ( Agilent Technologies, Palo Alto, CA, USA ) . Nitrogen was used as bearer gas and make-up gas at flow rates of 1.0 and 55 mL/min, severally. Gas chromatograph was operated in splitless manner with the injector temperature of 250 oC. The oven temperature was maintained at 100 oC for 2 min, and so programmed at 25 oC /min to 250 oC held for 4 min, and eventually 15 oC /min to 280 oC which was held for 4 min. The detached species were measured by negatron gaining control sensor held at 320 oC. A Peak-ABC Chromatography Data Handling System ( Kingtech Scientific, Taiwan ) was used to obtain chromatograms and to execute informations computations. 2.3. Microwave assisted controlled-temperature HS-LPME apparatus In this work, a modified domestic microwave oven ( NE-V27 inverter system, 2450 MHz, Panasonic system ) was used as the microwave energy beginning with a maximal power of 1400 W, which had a hole ( 2 centimeter diameter ) in the centre of the top surface of the microwave oven. A specially designed glass capacitor ( 25 centimeter length and fitted with an interior glass tubing of 1 centimeters diameter ) was placed steadfastly on the hole for the HS-LPME sampling and a go arounding water-hood system embracing a home-made magnetron driven stirrer device ( stirring velocity 500 revolutions per minute ) was placed inside the microwave oven. The glass capacitor and the go arounding water-hood system were connected to an external refrigerated electric bath ice chest machine ( Yih Der BL-720, Taiwan ) in order to command the temperature of headspace LPME trying zone chamber and to cut down the effectual power of microwave irradiation. The apparatus of the unmoved MA-CT-HS-LPME sampling syst em is shown in Figure 1. After the alteration, the effectual powers of microwave irradiation of 126, 170, 210, 249 and 279 W were used in this survey. To avoid escape of microwave irradiation, aluminium foils were wrapped on the inner and outer-walls of the microwave oven at the interface between the microwave organic structure and the headspace trying setup. A microwave leak sensor ( MD-2000, Less EMF, NY, USA ) was used to look into safety facets of the equipment during the experiments. Prior to the experiment, all the glasswork were exhaustively washed with soap solution, de-ionized H2O, propanone, and once more de-ionized H2O and so dried in the oven at 80 oC for 4 hour. A brace of flasks and capacitors was used alternately, because the interior surfaces of flasks and capacitors had to be exhaustively cleaned by propanone and de-ionized H2O between tallies to forestall carryover job from the glasswork apparatus. 2.4. MA-CT-HS-LPME Procedure The polypropene hollow fibre was cut into sections of 1.5-cm length and was washed ultrasonically with propanone for 1 hour. It was so dried and later kept in an organic dissolver ( 1-octanol ) for the impregnation of pores of the hollow fibre. After impregnation, the fibre was removed from 1-octanol and the syringe was aspirated so that the air in the syringe could blush the hollow fibre to take extra organic dissolver from inside the fibre. To construct an LPME investigation, approximately 4.0 milliliters of 1-octanol was taken in a conventional 10 milliliter microsyringe ( SGE Australia, Ringwood, Australia ) , and injected into the hollow fibre section mounted on the needle tip of the microsyringe. After an extraction, the extracted dissolver in hollow fibre was retracted to the barrel of the microsyringe, pushed and retracted for five rhythms. One microliter of the extracted dissolver was taken for GC-ECD analysis. The used hollow fibre was discarded and a new hollow fibre was u sed for each extraction. 10 milliliter of the sample solution was added into a 20-mL cylindrical shaped glass flask and fitted with glass capacitor for the external chilling of the trying zone, along with an LPME device in the headspace as shown in Figure 1. 3. Consequences and treatment There are assorted parametric quantities impacting the unmoved MA-CT-HS-LPME public presentation and efficiency for the finding of DDT and its chief metabolites by GC-ECD, including choice of LPME dissolver, trying place of LPME in the controlled-temperature headspace zone, microwave irradiation power and clip, sample pH and salting-out consequence. These parametric quantities were consistently investigated and the optimum conditions were so established.

5 Reasons the Literature Review is Crucial to Your Paper

5 Reasons the Literature Review is Crucial to Your Paper 5 Reasons the Literature Review is Crucial to Your Paper People often treat writing the literature review in an academic paper as a formality. Usually, this means simply listing various studies vaguely related to their work and leaving it at that. But this overlooks how important the literature review is to a well-written experimental report or research paper. As such, we thought we’d take a moment to go over what a literature review should do and why you should give it the attention it deserves. What is a Literature Review? Common in the social and physical sciences, but also sometimes required in the humanities, a literature review is a summary of past research in your subject area. Sometimes this is a standalone investigation of how an idea or field of inquiry has developed over time. However, more usually it’s the part of an academic paper, thesis or dissertation that sets out the background against which a study takes place. Like a timeline, but a bit more wordy. There are several reasons why we do this. Reason #1: To Demonstrate Understanding In a college paper, you can use a literature review to demonstrate your understanding of the subject matter. This means identifying, summarizing and critically assessing past research that is relevant to your own work. Reason #2: To Justify Your Research The literature review also plays a big role in justifying your study and setting your research question. This is because examining past research allows you to identify gaps in the literature, which you can then attempt to fill or address with your own work. Reason #3: Setting a Theoretical Framework It can help to think of the literature review as the foundations for your study, since the rest of your work will build upon the ideas and existing research you discuss therein. A crucial part of this is formulating a theoretical framework, which comprises the concepts and theories that your work is based upon and against which its success will be judged. A framework made of theories.No, wait. This one is metal. Our mistake. Reason #4: Developing a Methodology Conducting a literature review before beginning research also lets you see how similar studies have been conducted in the past. By examining the strengths and weaknesses of existing research, you can thus make sure you adopt the most appropriate methods, data sources and analytical techniques for your own work. Reason #5: To Support Your Own Findings The significance of any results you achieve will depend to some extent on how they compare to those reported in the existing literature. When you come to write up your findings, your literature review will therefore provide a crucial point of reference. If your results replicate past research, for instance, you can say that your work supports existing theories. If your results are different, though, you’ll need to discuss why and whether the difference is important. Contrary to previous thought, our study suggests that pigs can fly. This may have implications for bacon production.

The career corruption by mediation and cronyism Essay

The career corruption by mediation and cronyism - Essay Example Fairness obliges one to be totally objective and unbiased, exercising guidelines and policies fairly, and evaluating or appraising everybody by the same criteria. Almost nothing weakens employee motivation and confidence more rapidly than cronyism. The field of ethics mainly encourages people to be just or fair. As proposed by Aristotle: â€Å"Equals should be treated equally and unequals unequally† (Gertrude, 1987, 256). But the widespread practice of cronyism hinders equality and fairness because it awards too much advantage to a person who does not truly deserve this benefit. Cronyism, whether practiced in the public or private sector, effectively weaken organizations. When a person is hired or promoted because of connections instead of experience, skill, or expertise, the contribution that person provides to the organization could be substandard. Moreover, according to Reilly and colleagues (2012), because cronyism is usually hidden, this practice damages the transparency that is ought to be practiced in the process of hiring and contracting. The Qur’an is clear in its position regarding cronyism, or concerning the enduring conflict between justice or fairness and self-interest (Baig, 2013, para 5): â€Å"Be just, even if it is against your narrowly defined self-interest or of those very close to you. Ignorant people think they are protecting their self-interest by being unjust to others. Their decision to be just or unjust may be based on a cold calculation of self-interest. But real faith in Allah elevates one beyond that narrow-mindedness.† This statement shows that the justice or fairness upheld by the Islamic law allows no cronyism or favoritism in general. Whether cronyism is practiced in the form of giving advantages or favors for certain individuals or conferring preferential treatment, cronyism definitely implies that some individuals are in some way more equal than others. Preventing even the indication of cronyism is particul arly vital in hiring someone or in awarding a promotion. While the person carrying out the selection process may have a personal favorite, s/he will be cautious to base the hiring process on objective standards as professional history, expertise, and experience, building what is at times called â€Å"a level playing field† (Storti, 2004, 56). In several organizations, especially those in the public sector, the names of job candidates are erased from the application during the preliminary assessment phase to facilitate a supposedly ‘blind’ assessment of each candidate’s qualifications (Cascarino, 2012). The ethics of fairness goes beyond employees to accept how people generally are to be handled or approached, such as contractors or clients. The central premise here is that organizations must treat everybody they interact with equally, implementing policies and guidelines objectively, irrespective of an individual’s ‘connections’, social standing, personal affiliation with the employer, or any other conditions that may be considered biased, discriminatory, or subjective. According to Langan-Fox and colleagues (2007), people, who attempt to take advantage of their social status, expecting preferential treatment because of their ‘rank’, are lowly regarded, and employees who yield to such demands will usually not be recognized. Definition of Cronyism in Career Corruption One of the most typical descriptions of corruption is the exploitation of public position for personal interests. In almost all societies,

Measuring Globalization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Measuring Globalization - Essay Example The spread of globalization, according to many, allows for free trade and free markets in most of the developing countries. This is with the aim of alleviating poverty. Many corporations, from developed countries, are responsible for running the lives of many individuals. Globalization, today, is seen as a means to try and calculate the gap that exists between the poor and the rich. Economists try to address globalization, and the effect it may have on different individuals and countries. If there is a constant or an even growth in a country, there is likely to be more satisfaction. This is unlike when there is an uneven growth (Guinness 194). This is because the latter indicates that some areas will be better off than other areas. The most common method of measuring the globalization level in a country is the use of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita in a region. It might be; import or export or the total consumption on import/export GDP in the region. This represents the final market value of goods in a country produced or consumed or a sum of both these factors within a year. In measuring globalization through the GDP, an increase in exports increases the country’s GDP, thus; symbolising growth in the country’s economic stature (Maher 109). The higher the annual growth rates, the higher the economic growth, through time. It is through such a constant method that allows for a country to trade freely along international lines. This may be because; their products are capturing a wider, global market. This indicates that

Employee Relations Essay Example for Free

Employee Relations Essay In various business organizations, we find that, many employees are neglected and are most often demoralized, not motivated in performing their duties in the particular organisation, thus encouraging a poor employee relations, but in the United Kingdom, many businesses are flourishing, since they have set up an enabled system that tends to come up with factors that makes the firm to get a frequent and significant recognition of its employees, thus enhancing a good employee relations. The factors that are known to be most influential in the shaping of these employee relations in the United Kingdom are as follows: Communication In this case, we find that, most managers come up with a system to re-examine the performance of their employees. This system normally, include a precise communication system that brings an understanding between the employees and the management team, under which, the employees seem to appreciate the principles on which they are assessed thus, encouraging justice and equal opportunities in the organisation. The firms have an established internal coordination system and structure; this is usually a practical cooperation that helps to build stronger relationships among the employees. Thus there is the recognition of each employee’s contributions. In a firm every department has employees with different skills that are required at different roles. Therefore, the managers bring all these skills together, so that the firms objectives are achieved, and therefore, each employee is meant to understand what these objectives are, and how the different skills and functions within the firm are to contribute in achieving the goals of having a better employee relations, therefore they should know why they need to support each others efforts. Motivation The success of an organisation basically, depends on the employees using their full skills and knowledge in their production, therefore, these employees require motivation, and this motivation can be done in different ways and by different things. The employee Motivation in the United Kingdom normally involves, the compensation system which is the activity of giving the employees what they really want most from work, it therefore makes the manager, get his expectations from the employees, this expectations may include; production of quality goods and services. Motivation will enable the employees to have their goals in the organisation achieved; they will have a positive perspective on their position in the organisation. Motivation also creates the influence to change and build employees self-esteem and capacity to work. The managers have the responsibility of motivating workers, when the organizational structure is experiencing changes, and in this case, we find that the manager comes up with a plan that is used to define the environmental factors that brings an atmosphere of integrity, honesty, and confidence to the employees. Under this, the managers’ plan considers the factors that motivate the employees; this involves the determination of the important factors to the employee in his working life, and how they relate to his productivity. He also finds out what motivates the employees in their work, this is a situation where, we find most employees wanting a privileged compensation, an enhanced working environment, and flexible benefits from the amount of work that they do. This is always done by, asking them during the performance assessment, attitude inspection, and is also retrieved from informal discussion on what the employees want most from their jobs. On the other hand, the managers also spot the de-motivating factors of the organisation to the employees; these factors may be physical factors which include buildings or equipment or psychological factors such as monotony, injustice, barriers to promotion and lack of appreciation which normally affects the employee relations in an organisation. Since most workers in the United Kingdom claim to be working for money, and that their extreme benefit is encouragement; under this, money is always regarded to be a low motivator, and that it is only a short time motivator, after a rise is given to the employees salary, so the managers are always aware that benefits given after a particular performance rarely motivate their employees to use their potential effectively, most of the employees say that, the benefits are only used to motivate the new employees in the organisation but not the existing ones. Change Management Poor employee relations is normally said to be a leading factor to a change in an organizations’ performance; therefore most managers have been seen adopting a policy for managing changes within their organizations. In this case, we find that the introduction of this change is always meant to be motivating to the employees, since it is always used as an entry to the firms’ better achievement of its goals. To achieve a positive change in an organisation in the UK, the managers do not tell or instruct the employees, this does not help, but it only creates ignorance to the doubts and expectations of the employees, therefore the management team in an organization carry out discussions, through which the sharing of a particular problem helps in the creation of a better actions in dealing with the issues that are predicted to affect the productivity of the firm, due to the shared ideas and decision making processes derived from the open discussions, the employees are able to realize a change in the organizational performance. Changes in any organisation in the United Kingdom, normally involve learning, where the managers are able to know the learning capabilities of every employee in the organisation. Under this, one finds that his employees are categorized as follows; activists the manager may find that some of his employees like involving themselves in new ideas, problems, or opportunities meaning that, they do not like being impartial, Theorists, this is the category of learners, who are always comfortable with ideas they do not prefer involving themselves deeply without a reason. The other category is that of reflectors; they like taking time to think through things, thus they do not like being forced to move from one thing to another rashly and lastly the pragmatists they normally prefer to be linked between issues and their job description. Therefore, the manager is always in a position to deal with his employees who have different learning preferences and approaches, who may also respond differently to diverse situations affecting the organisation. In this learning process the manager is expected to give feedback, that plays a major role in motivating the employees, thus he should not leave the employees guessing the progress of their accomplishments, therefore, the managers always give adequate and accurate information on the development. Employee Recognition This is another factor that the employers put into consideration for the organisation to improve its employee relations, this is basically a communication instrument, which strengthens and compensates the most significant production that the employees have created for the organisation. The recognition structure is always made simple, instant, and effectively supportive to the employees’ relations and the organisation at large. Under this, the management team ensures that a principle for performance is established, involving the rewardable behaviour of the employees thus all of them are entitled to the recognition by the employer. This recognition supplies the employees with specific information about the behaviour they are being rewarded for. The management therefore, states that any employee who performs at a specified level receives a reward. Basically recognition occurs hand in hand with performance of the employees, thus it reinforces the employees’ encouragement and thus improving the workforce relations. Culture This is another factor that is most influential in the employee relations in an organisation, culture basically means, the environment surrounding an employee at work. In the United Kingdom we find that, culture is meant to shape the relationship of an employee and his work in an organisation. Culture represents an employee’s personality that carries principles, attitude, fundamental interests, knowledge, background, and behaviour that creates a person’s behaviour. Culture is particularly inclined by the organization’s management team due to the roles in decision making and strategic direction they impose in the organisation. We find the managers put in mind that culture is learned, thus employees are capable of learning how to perform, employees value rewards that are not associated with behaviours, since they have different needs, shared rewards from co-workers or have their most important needs met in their departments or project teams.

The Effects of The Black Death on the Economic and Social Life of Europe :: European Europe History

The Effects of The Black Death on the Economic and Social Life of Europe The Black Death is the name later given to the epidemic of plague that ravaged Europe between 1347 and 1351. The disaster affected all aspects of life. Depopulation and shortage of labor hastened changes already inherent in the rural economy; the substitution of wages for labor services was accelerated, and social stratification became less rigid. Psychological morbidity affected the arts; in religion, the lack of educated personnel among the clergy gravely reduced the intellectual vigor of the church. "In less than four years the disease carved a path of death through Asia, Italy, France, North Africa, Spain and Normandy, made its way over the Alps into Switzerland, and continued eastward into Hungary" (Microsoft Bookshelf, page 1). After a brief respite, the plague resumed, crossing the channel into England, Scotland, and Ireland, and eventually made its way into the northern countries of Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Iceland and even as far north as Greenland. In other words, the plague touched almost the entire known world. So much death could not help but tear economic and social structures apart. Lack of peasants and laborers sent wages soaring, and the value of land plummeted. For the first time in history the scales tipped against wealthy landlords as peasants and serfs gained more bargaining power. Without architects, masons and artisans, great cathedrals and castles remained unfinished for hundreds of years. Governments, lacking officials, floundered in their attempts to create order out of chaos. The living lost all sense of morality and justice, and a new attitude toward the church emerged. Medieval people could find no Divine reason for the four-year nightmare, and dissatisfaction with the church gave impetus to reform movements that eventually broke apart the unity of the Catholic Church. The plague itself was disastrous enough, especially in the appearance of more than one form during the same epidemic. But coming when it did was as catastrophic as its form. The middle 14th century was not a good time for Europe. The European economy was already in difficulties. It was approaching the limits of expansion, both on its frontiers and in reclaiming land from forest and swamp. The arrival of the Mongols and the Ottomans had disrupted trade routes, and certain areas of Europe were edging into depression. "The Church was in poor shape as well. The popes resided at Avignon, not at Rome, to the scandal of many.

Amd and 64 bit microporcessor

It seems that the migration to 64-bit system for home and office use is unstoppable. AMD, Intel and Microsoft are leading the said technology migration. 64-bit computing is dominating faster in the world of desktop PC’s, it is embraced by the computing industry form all around the world. News about some new processors, operating systems and applications that takes advantages of this feature is coming everyday. During the 80’s the computer systems migrated from 8-bit to 16-bit and later on, in the 90’s, the system advanced further once again, to 32-bit.32-bit computing becomes the common place for all the end-users, but that is two decades old and surprisingly computer technology keeps on advancing as the need to have more powerful desktop need is running up the scale. 32-bit refers the number of bits that can be processed or transmitted in parallel. Bits are the smallest unit of information on a machine that a microprocessor can process. The term indicates the wi dth of the registers in union with the microprocessor that is designed in a 32- bit platform.However, we can conclude that a 64-bit processor has a register that can store 64-bit numbers. Therefore, a 64-bit architecture is capable of processing data two times the amount of data a Central Processing Unit (CPU) can process per clock cycle. A computer user can easily say or think that 64-bit processors can double the speed of a 32-bit processor. The truth is, it is not all about processing speed, but it is all about memory management. 32-bit processor can use up to 4GB of Random Access Memory (RAM) with the help of using a capable motherboard.This 4GB Random Access Memory (RAM) is split between the operating system and the applications, 2GB for operating system and 2GB for application. In this manner of thinking, the entire user will see and think that a 64-bit processor is capable of using 8GB of RAM on their 64-bit computers. That is why numerous organizations and companies that acc ess massive amounts of data have already made the evolution to 64-bit servers, since this server can support superior number of larger files.They can also efficiently load huge enterprise database into memory that results in faster data retrieval and faster searches. The majority of 64-bit Central Processing Unit (CPU) remuneration will be ignored or will not be noticed without the key mechanism of 64-bit operating system software, and device drivers that can take benefit of 64-bit processor features. In 2005 to present, the puzzle has already been solved.We have a 64-bit operating system and some applications that support the technology and that makes as ready for the big migration. But then, as the end user thinks that migrating to a 64-bit computing will make their browser move faster, Word documents will be running faster or even presentation software will look much impressive, everyone will be dissatisfied. On the other hand, a more demanding application such as gaming, video e diting or encoding and the whole thing that requires more memory will surely witness the benefits.Even if at this point of time we already have the operating systems, applications that support the 64-bit platform, migrating from 32-bit to 64-bit is still a problem, due to the fact that Device Drivers for x64 operating are not yet fully available. Even the software giant Microsoft has requested those kinds of drivers. I. Brief background on the company you have chosen Datronic is a software development company focused on two upright markets; †¢ Windows device driver development and driver developers training based in Portugal†¢ Public Library book loan application software system based in Germany In 1972, Otto Rudinger founded Datronic in Ausberg/Germany. The main area of the Business for the first 20 years is Microfilm and high precision barcode master film production. In 2001 Marcel Rudinger the son of the founder of the said company founded device driver development depa rtment located in Madeira Island in Portugal and took over 49 % of Datronic. Marcel Rudinger as a student of computer science first developed his first MS DOS device driver and a low level system software that is intended to run under 8086 computer.Furthermore he continuously developed drivers and low-level systems software, design and project management for many well-known companies worldwide. The company also conducts public and onsite training courses which focuses on device driver development for windows Marcel Rudinger as the trainer. The company has been in this business since the middle of 1990’s. 2006 is the year where DATRONICSOFT was founded and Marcel Rudinger took over 100% of the Datronic.DatronicSoft supply offshore development, and test capacities for Windows device driver development, and at the same time develops Datronic’s public library book loan system as well as for some external companies. Discussion of Current Business Issues The companies traini ng and seminars supply the basic knowledge for developing or writing a complete new drivers and even modification of existing device drivers. The title of the training courses is WDM Device Driver Development for Windows XP, W2K3M VISTA and Longhorn server course 1(basics). It is a workshop with hands on labs and practical samples.It provides thorough introduction to low level and hardware related software development on the Microsoft windows platform. Mostly experienced application programmers, system software and driver developers are the company’s clients or customers. With DatronicSoft training courses, students expand a thorough knowledge and learn more about the device driver architecture of the Microsoft Windows operating system and their kernel mode components. On top of the course students learn more on backgrounds and concepts of device driver development using the Driver Development Kit (DDK) and lots of practical tips and tricks.C or C++ is the major programming l anguage for device driver development. Visual Studio is used as a tool for the development environment and as a compiler of the codes. The main issue whether the company is doing the development side or conducting offshore or in house training with due respect to adopt 64-bit computing, is the program possible errors occurring while porting C++ code from 32-bit platforms on 64-bit ones. As discussed earlier migrating from 32-bit computer system to 64-bit systems is inevitable and the need to develop drivers that will support the new platform is truly a necessity.Programmers should understand appropriately that the new set of errors that materialized while coding the 64-bit programs is not just some new faulty constructions among thousand of other codes. These are unavoidable difficulties, which the developers of any developing program will face. We are aware that 64-bit software and drivers is the next step of the information technologies development. But in actuality, only few prog rammers have faced the nuances of this bubble and developing 64-bit programs in particular. The analysis of the errors occurring while porting 32-bit programs on 64-bit system is a difficult task.Writing a not very quality code written without taking into account peculiarities of other architectures, might demand a lot of time and efforts. Thus causing delays on the development side, and may cause inaccurate instructions and solutions in the trainings conducted by the company. These issues should not be ignored for it will cause a huge amount of money in the company. We all know any project delays can cause disaster to any company and most probably it may cause the company to fail its objectives that will lead to the company’s downfall.Furthermore, dissatisfied students in terms of the content of the materials will surely arise. Since the student of the company are mostly programmers from different programming firms, possibility of loosing clients for driver development is ve ry high, because the content of the lecture doesn’t have the solutions for the problems stated below. Most common and possible problems that need to be observed thoroughly which the developer of 64-bit programs can face are: †¢ Common errors of programming which occur on 64-bit systems †¢ Reasons for appearing of these errors and the corresponding examples †¢ Methods of correcting the listed errors†¢ Review of methods and means of searching errors in 64-bit programs Recommendations for the Executive Committee With the problems sited in the study, the need to provide possible solutions will be provided. Program errors occurring while porting C++ code from 32-bit platforms on 64-bit ones are observed. Examples of the incorrect code and the ways to correct it are given. Methods and means of the code analysis, which allow diagnosing the errors discussed, are listed. The need to include the solutions to the training courses should be considered and applied in t he device driver development side.The following codes and analysis has already been tried and should be applied in both upright market of the company. Off warnings In all books devoted to the development of the quality code it is recommended to set a warning level of warnings shown by the compiler on as high level as possible. But there are situations in practice when for some project parts there is a lower diagnosis level set or it is even set off. Usually it is very old code that is supported but not modified. Programmers who work over the project are used to that this code works and don’t take its quality into consideration.Here it is a danger to miss serious warnings by the compiler while porting programs on the new 64-bit system. While porting an application you should obligatory set on warnings for the whole project that help to check the compatibility of the code and analyze them thoroughly. It can help to save a lot of time while debugging the project on the new archi tecture. If we won’t do this the simplest and stupidest errors will occur in all their variety. Here it is a simple example of overflow which occurs in a 64-bit program if we ignore warnings at all.