Father of Modern Management Essay

The satisfaction of social needs is something that is achievable for most individuals. People can meet others who share similar interests by joining relevant clubs or associations and can mix with peers by attending relevant social functions. There are also dating agencies and dinner clubs for those who are seeking companionship. Where ‘social services’ are often required to assist is when a person is unable to easily or practically address these social needs, for example, someone who is elderly or housebound. Organisations such as Age Concern provide facilities like luncheon clubs and day centres, where individuals can benefit from company and conversation. They also collate information on other available resources like reminiscence and friendship groups (Age Concern, 2008). There are many routes to satisfying esteem needs. These include finding challenges of a vocational or academic nature or becoming part of a community group to gain a sense of achievement and social inclusion. For some, actively satisfying their own esteem needs can be a daunting process. Where ‘social services’ can assist is in providing accessible services in a variety of formats. One example is the Gateway Team, part of Poole Social Services (Borough of Poole, 2008) who list their aim as: â€Å"To enable adults in Poole to achieve, maintain and enjoy emotional and social well-being through the provision of a specialised service. † This includes free psychology and counselling services and workshops aimed at addressing anxiety and depression or providing assertiveness training. It also focuses on actively helping individuals to attain social inclusion by providing ideas for getting involved in the local community. Additionally, help is given by sourcing self-help material in the form of books or online resources. The Gateway Team is merely one localized example to highlight available support but this picture is replicated throughout the country with the provision of services available from local authorities, charities, volunteer groups and private organisations. Moving on to self-actualisation, it is important to differentiate between this level and the others within Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. As it is concerned with a constantly evolving set of ambitions rather than a basic set of needs, self-actualisation does not require a ‘safety net’ provided by social services. However, the social services framework can be utilised by enterprising individuals to help realise their potential. For example, undertaking volunteer work can build confidence, increase social networks and heighten the sense of well-being. Additionally, career prospects can be significantly enhanced as â€Å"73% of employers would employ a candidate with volunteering experience over one without† (TimeBank, 2008). In conclusion, this essay has demonstrated that social services, in the widest definition of the term, provide a wide range of facilities to address the Hierarchy of Needs as set out by Maslow. Although society is far from perfect and the eradication of neither poverty nor suffering is likely to be achieved, the assistance available in this country to those in need is comprehensive. Imagine what life was like for those most in need before the welfare state was established and before charities and other caring organisations became widespread. Consequently, the aim should be to bolster this supportive network and make it the very best it can be. Just like people, social services must continue to strive to fulfil its potential. Reference List Abraham Maslow – Father of Modern Management (2007) Available from: http://www. abraham-maslow. com/m_motivation/Hierarchy_of_Needs. asp [Accessed: 4 October 2008]. Age Concern Kingston upon Thames (2008) Social Activities [online]. Available from: http://www. ageconcernkingston. org/whatwedo_socialactivities. htm [Accessed: 5 October 2008]. BBC News Online (2004) Homeless Face More Violent Crime [online]. Available from: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk/4099727. stm [Accessed: 5 October 2008].

Possible Exam Questions Elizabeth Essay

‘Tudor monarchs experienced more failures than successes in dealing with religion in England in the years 1547 to 1587.’ Assess the validity of this view. Students may refer to some of the following material in support of the claim that religious Policies were successful: †¢ after 1549 there were no rebellions against the religious changes introduced during Edward VI’s reign †¢ Religious changes in Mary’s reign enjoyed popular support in most parts of the country †¢ Over the course of thirty years there was a gradual acceptance of the religious changes introduced by the Elizabethan Settlement †¢ ‘Puritan’ opposition to the Elizabethan Settlement had become weak by 1588. Nevertheless, there are a number of other factors to consider: †¢ Religious changes had helped to bring about rebellion in 1549 †¢ Religious change in Mary’s reign had been resisted by Protestant martyrs †¢ There was continued evidence of Catholic survivalism under Elizabeth, especially in The north, which witnessed a rebellion in 1569 which was largely religious in origin †¢ There was opposition to the Elizabethan Settlement from those who had felt that it had not gone far enough. Furthermore, students may legitimately point out that the powers of enforcement of religious Policy were variable, as they were dependent on the support of local officials who might not always have been completely supportive of the policies themselves. Historiographical approaches are not required to answer this question effectively. However, the effective deployment of perspectives derived from historians such as Duffy, Haigh, Collinson and Lake are likely to show skills of a high order. In conclusion, students may conclude that governments enjoyed mixed fortunes in their attempts to promote religious change. To what extent did royal authority decline in the years 1547 to 1558? Students may refer to the following to support the case that royal authority  was undermined: †¢ The frequency of rebellion, including the contribution of the rebellions of 1549 to the downfall of Somerset †¢ The extent to which royal authority might have been hamstrung by Edward’s minority, in particular through the actions of Somerset †¢ The extent to which both monarchs faced open opposition to their religious policies †¢The extent to which royal authority might have been undermined by Mary’s marriage to Philip of Spain. Nevertheless, there are a number of other factors to consider which suggest that royal authority might not have been undermined: †¢ Religious reforms under Edward VI, whilst undoubtedly unpopular, were pushed through ruthlessly †¢ The legitimate succession was upheld in 1553, despite the machinations of Edward VI and Northumberland †¢ In many respects Mary can be seen to have been a successful ruler †¢ Mary’s legacy to Elizabeth was, in many respects, positive. Furthermore, students may explore some of these issues within a historiographical framework, though this is not required. This might apply especially to recent revisions of the reign of Mary. In conclusion, students should offer evaluations which draw on a balance of arguments for and against the loss of authority by the mid-Tudor monarchs. The rebellions which occurred during the reigns of Edward VI and Mary I were mainly political in origin.’ Assess the validity of this view. Candidates may refer to some of the following material in support of the claim that the rebellions were primarily political: †¢ local political antagonisms seem to have been at the root of the East Anglian rebellions †¢ it is difficult to separate out the western rebels’ religious motives from their political distaste for the regime †¢ Wyatt’s Rebellion seems to have been primarily focused on the desire to prevent Queen Mary from marrying Philip of Spain. Nevertheless, there are a number of other factors to consider: †¢ the western rebels were primarily motivated by their resentment at the scale of the attack on popular religious practices †¢ the demands of the western rebels,  whilst mostly religious, are also couched in a language which seems to indicate a significant level of class antagonism †¢ both the western and East Anglian rebels had significant social and economic motives †¢ it has recently been argued that conservative religious sentiments were present amongst the East Anglian rebels †¢ the overtly political motivation of Wyatt and many of his fellow rebels was reinforced by the popular Protestantism of some of his followers. In conclusion, candidates may differentiate between motivation for the various rebellions.

Psychosocial Stress and Cancer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Psychosocial Stress and Cancer - Essay Example It has been stated that these may be manifestations of motivational disturbances due to advanced illness or longstanding suffering. It has also been suggested that physical changes associated with advanced and life-threatening illness associated with considerable suffering such as occurs in any patient with cancer may strongly influence the psychological adjustment of the patient in both positive and negative ways. This is an important factor in management of patients with cancer since the patient's perspective of cancer as a terminal illness strongly influences the care process. This also means that these responses indicate the psychological determinants of patient responses. Many cancer patients suffer from hopelessness, and this is regarded by the care professionals as conducive to illness, death, and suffering and the opposite psychological reaction may lead to a favourable outcome (Kunkel et al., 2000). Although investigated in other cancers, the role of psychological and social factors in cancer and in those who survive cancer has been well delineated. In some cancers psychological factors have been shown to be predictive of survival time. ... Those patients who are coping actively have best outcomes. It is thus evident that if these psychological factors have influence on survival, then development of psychological interventions directed to enhance the use of positive coping styles leading to prolonged survival. Petticrew et al. (2002) in their literature review indicated several themes of psychological reactions in response to cancer. Knowledge regarding these would foster professional interventions in cancer patients leading to better outcome (Petticrew et al. 2002). A very prominent and significant psychological response is fighting spirit. Many studies have investigated the impact of fighting spirit on survival from established cancer. Fighting spirit is a coping style, and this has been reported to be associated with reduced risk. The next most common psychological manifestation is helpless and hopelessness. This is known to be a predictor of reduced survival and compromised quality of life. Some patients demonstrate denial or avoidance. There is no significant association between an avoidant coping and survival. In some cancers, denial may predict recurrence of disease. Some patients with cancer demonstrate stoic acceptance and fatalism (White and Verhoef, 2003). Some patients become anxious with cancer and may develop anxious preoccupation. Some patients may even be depressed. Those who are very anxious or have high anxious preoccupation demonstrate shorter survival. Those who employ a depressive coping style also have a shorter survival. Th ose who have active or problem focused coping demonstrated a longer survival. Suffering from cancer and going through the treatment have high impact on the patients'

A REFLECTION ON EFFECTIVENESS OF A CLASSROOM PRESENTATION Essay

A REFLECTION ON EFFECTIVENESS OF A CLASSROOM PRESENTATION - Essay Example This presentation was aimed to make students of primary school understand the logic behind the number line and make use of it in solving their math related problems. On an overall basis I believe the presentation worked out really well as the students did seem satisfied with the knowledge that I gave them. The presentation was supposed to last for ten minutes but I went above the prescribed time limit while delivering it. This happened because I was so into the presentation itself that I didnt want to pull out in between. And to be honest I never really kept track of time as the look that I saw in the eyes of the curious students clearly told me how badly they wanted to learn this new concept and that somehow kept me going on until I satisfied their thirst for knowledge completely. This reflection is based on the feedback derived from my students and fellow colleagues who were present during the coarse of the presentation. The number line presentation that I carried out was done with the help of a flip chart. Most of the audience present told me it would have been much better had I presented the flip chart on a power point presentation. They said that would have made the presentation more presentable and students would have been inclined to take a much deeper interest in the learning due to the multimedia nature of power point presentations. The audience in their feedback told me that the starting of my presentation was really nice and that it completely captured the interest of all students in the class and kept them waiting for more to come. They applauded how my presentation was well thought out and that the nature of the content present was well structured and contained all possible details necessary for a proper understanding of the number line concept. As far as my body language was concerned, the audience applauded how confident I was

Business Eithics (British Airways) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business Eithics (British Airways) - Essay Example This is because the directors and managers are charged with corporate governance by the owners of the entity and hence, one would expect them to be focused on meeting the best needs of the owners of the entity in question. The fundamental question is how do the people charged with corporate governance meet the best needs and expectations of the owners of an entity? There are two approaches to answering this question (Fernando, 2009). The first is the shareholder approach. Under the shareholder approach, a business has two fundamental objectives: to obey the law and to maximise shareholders wealth (Fernando, 2009). This approach suggests that managers need to put everything aside and only focus on profit maximisation. The second approach, which is known as the stakeholder approach states that the people charged with governance have a fundamental duty of maximising profits under the constraits of respecting the obligations owed to external stakeholders (Fernando, 2009). Freeman et al (2010) define stakeholders as â€Å"any group or individual that can affect or is affected by the achievement of a corporations purpose† (p86). This means that any entity that is within or outside an entity that is influenced or influences the activities of a company in its bid to meet its objectives is known as a stakeholder. In analysing the fundamentals of the key debates in this area, Mullerat identifies that the shareholder perspective is based on the short term vision of maximising returns on investment (2009). On the other hand, the stakeholder perspective supports a longer term theme of promoting sustainability in profit making and this is the best way to ensure that a business thrives into the future. British Airways is fundamentally operated as a company and thus, it has a profit motive which requires the management and those charged with governance to make

Wal-Mart Control Mechanism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wal-Mart Control Mechanism - Essay Example This research allows for better organization of supply chain activities. Wal-Mart already relies on suppliers that keep prices low, to pass on the savings to its consumers. The price controls keep customers who enjoy the savings coming back to its stores. Through automated and streamlined supply chain processes, costs for delivering products to the store shelves are minimized. Such organizational strategy allows Wal-Mart to more easily introduce new locations globally. Wal-Mart leads many other organizations into the direction it wishes them to take. This is done by requiring suppliers to meet pricing and packaging demands. â€Å"Wal-Mart accounts for 28% of Dial's sales, 24% of Del Monte Foods' sales, and 23% of Clorox's sales† (Hwang, 2003). Along with demanding low prices from manufacturers, the retailer also helps video game and software developers determine the content for products. Such control measures not only allow Wal-Mart to sell products at the lowest possible pric es, but also allows for control of content and subject matter. More controversial is Wal-Mart’s control of wages and benefits to its employees. Wal-Mart is openly anti-union, which allows for more control in many employment practices. It routinely hires many older and second income workers, to avoid providing benefits. While such practices help to keep prices low for consumers, they create income disparities and a reliance on government social programs for many of its employees.

Socialization and Other Skills for the Students Essay

Socialization and Other Skills for the Students - Essay Example The student is in the classroom and often daydreams. In order to help this student, I would work with the student in a quiet area within the classroom. I would break the assignments down into smaller chunks. I would use a timer for this and set the timer to correspond with the student’s attention span. As an example, if I saw that the student began to daydream after ten minutes, I would set the timer for ten minutes and then allow the class to have a short break at the end of each 10 minutes. I would also use small group activities so that the student could interact with other students during the learning process. The third intervention would be to watch the student and as I saw them going into a daydreaming phase I would let them know I was going to call on them next to answer a question. I would remind the class to focus on what we were doing at that time so I could bring the student’s attention back to the classroom. This intervention would specifically address the d aydreaming in that it would give the student something to do for a shorter amount of time. The outcome for the intervention would be that the student was able to sit in the classroom for the entire classroom time, without daydreaming. Progress for this intervention could be monitored by keeping track of the amount of time that the student is able to tolerate. As an example, the starting point would be 10 minutes, the time would be extended to 15 minutes and then finally to the full class time. Once the student could stay in the class without daydreaming and without using the timer, I would know that the intervention was effective.